disadvantages of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam

Disadvantages Slow process Could be washed to the wrong direction Start up costs Lesson 4: Long term investment, It can't cope with he propagation rate of water hyacinth. When it is completed, with its concrete volume of 10.2 million m3, GERD will feature the largest dam in Africa. However, by far the largest of these projects is the GERD, which was announced in 2010 and work on which was launched in 2011 by means of a nationwide fundraiser in which Ethiopian civil servants were reportedly obliged to volunteer a months salary to invest in GERD bonds. Another impressive snippet of information is that the Government of Ethiopia is financing the entire project, along with loans mainly from China. One question that keeps coming up is: Will Ethiopia be willing to release enough water from the reservoir to help mitigate a drought downstream? Cairo . The current filling which is ongoing since early July 2021 has presented no issues as well. Subsequent impact studies were performed by the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank, and in the light of the results, these banks cancelled their funding for Gibe III. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a 6000 MW hydropower project on the Blue Nile, which the Ethiopian government plans to build to fulfill the country's energy needs. Given the advancement of the dam construction - the GERD being, as of March 2015, 40% complete, according to Ethiopia - Egypt had good reason to reconsider its position (RANE, 2015). The GDP per capita in Ethiopia is only $475. It can be demand-driven, typically caused by population growth, and supply-driven, typically caused by decreasing amounts of fresh water often resulting from climate change or a result of societal factors such as poverty. The controversy over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Brookings Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Wikipedia The disadvantages for Egypt and Sudan are the possibility of reduced river flow, although this is only really a problem during the years of filling the dam. The announcement on Friday comes a day after Ethiopia said it had launched power production from the second turbine at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Revisiting hydro-hegemony from a benefitsharing perspective: the case The toll on the local communities affected by the dams has been enormous. (2014). The US has revived diplomatic efforts to resolve the dispute sparked by Ethiopia's Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) project on the Nile. Officials in Addis Ababa argue that the GERD will have no major impact on water flow into the Nile, instead arguing that the hydropower dam will provide benefits to countries in the region, including as a source of affordable electric power and as a major mechanism for the management of the Nile, including the mitigation of droughts and water salinity. For example, Ethiopians and Egyptians are more likely to understand and appreciate the challenges that they face, particularly in the areas of water security, climate change, food production, and poverty alleviation, if they regularly interact with each other and engage in more bottom-up, participatory and inclusive approaches to the resolution of their conflicts. At stake, too, is . AFRICANGLOBE. First, as noted above, Ethiopia contributes 86% of the water in the Nile and so it seems only natural that it has an equitable claim to using Nile waters to aid growth in its impoverished economy. His successor, Mohamed Morsi, said that Egypt was prepared to defend each drop of Nile water with blood. An armed conflict has not emerged, but there are suggestions that Egyptian intelligence services undermined Ethiopia internally by assisting the Oromo Liberation Front in its campaign of civil unrest in Ethiopia in 2016. Negative impacts of the GERD - Opinion - Ahram Online Therefore, all the water is eventually released downstream with the effect that there is no net loss of water to downstream states. IDS (2013). Attempts to resolve the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute over the past decade have reached a deadlock. Note that, under Article 62(2) VCLT, territorial treaties are excepted from the change in circumstances rule. Article 7 provides that watercourse states must take all appropriate measures to prevent significant harm to other watercourse States and that, where harm does occur, there shall be consultations to discuss the question of compensation. Finally, Article 8 requires that watercourse states cooperate on the basis of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, mutual benefit and good faith.. Match. As stipulated by an Agreement of 1959 (see:Nile Main Conflict), Egypt and Sudan presented for several decades a common position vis--vis other riparians regarding the utilisation and management of Nile waters. It is therefore intrinsically connected with the question of land ownership. Addis Ababa has said the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a $4bn hydropower project, is crucial to its economic development and to provide power. The Grand Renaissance Dam - Ethiopia's greatest risk Perhaps even more consequential is the fact that this agreement granted Egypt veto power over future Nile River projects. Sudans agricultural and hydropower interests align with those of Ethiopia while it has a strong interest in not alienating its 'big brother' and northern neighbour, Egypt, with whom it shares a long and partly contested border (Whittington et al., 2014). [35] The lack of international financing for projects on the Blue Nile River has persistently been attributed to Egypt's campaign to keep control on the Nile water share. These two factors could become serious problems. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is a Big Deal - BORGEN The Eastern Nile Basin comprises Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam - BBC News The Government of Egypt, a country which relies heavily on the waters of the Nile, has demanded that Ethiopia cease construction on the dam as a preconditions to negotiations, sought regional support for its position, and some political leaders have discussed methods to sabotage it. Why the Nile could see a 'water war'. This was an attempt at a wholesale replacement for the Nile Waters Treaties. Stratfor Worldview. According to this narrative, the Blue Nile, or Abay in Amharic, is a purely Ethiopian river. (PDF) Benefit of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project (GERDP) for It will also give Ethiopia more control . the study highlights the importance of weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of counter-hegemonic tactics in general, and of large dam projects in particular, and . Cameroon's Choupo-Moting scores winner as Bayern reclaim Bundesliga top.. English Premier League results & fixtures (26th matchday), Germany Bundesliga results & fixtures (23rd matchday), Israeli delegation expelled from the African Union summit. The Dam is used to generate electricity and went into partial operation in 2022. The Tripartite National Council (TNC) was then established, consisting of members from each of the three countries with the aim of carrying through the IPoE's recommendations (Attia & Saleh, 2021). per year, that would constitute a drought and, according to Egypt and Sudan, Ethiopia would have to release some of the water in the dams reservoir to deal with the drought. Flashcards. Practically from the outset, the World Bank and international donors withdrew funding due to a lack of transparency, driven home when it was learned that the construction had begun without a permit from the Environmental Protection Agency in Ethiopia. It was in the hope of protecting Lake Turkana against such threats that it was listed as a World Heritage Site. The GERD has the potential to act both as driver for conflict, but also for cooperation. It's very unpredictable and it can be very dangerous," says Pottinger. What are the disadvantages of the Aswan Dam? Although Egypt and Sudan are likely to resist efforts to include the other upstream riparians in the negotiations or to allow a regional organization, such as the NBI, to serve as an implementing organ, they must understand that the Nile River is a regional watercourse and its management must be approached from a regional perspective. Moreover, with GERD, Ethiopia opts for a hydropower expansion strategy on the Blue Nile, and not an irrigation strategy. Gebreluel, G. (2014). Article 5 requires that watercourse states utilise an international watercourse in an equitable and reasonable manner and creates the duty to cooperate in the protection and development of the watercourse. The dam will flood 1,680 square kilometers of forest in northwest Ethiopia (an area about four times the size of Cairo), displace approximately 20,000 people in Ethiopia, and create a reservoir that will hold around 70 billion cubic . These hydraulic mega-projects underscore the ambitious local and regional political aims of the Ethiopian ruling elites. Review a brief history of copyright in the United States. The politicisation of the Niles water and the utilisation of development projects to achieve political ends are not new phenomena. "I came to Cairo on my first official trip to the region to hear . The colonial powers have departed and so to continue to enforce treaties agreed based around their interests would be irrational. On Foes and Flows: Vulnerabilities, Adaptive Capacities and Transboundary Relations in the Nile River Basin in Times of Climate Change. Indeed, Egypt has called the filling of the dam an. The CFA was a political success for the eight upstream states such as Ethiopia as it favoured those states and isolated the downstream states of Egypt and Sudan and made them appear recalcitrant. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam located in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia, about 45 km east of the border with Sudan. The Kenyan Lake is heavily dependent on the fresh water and vital nutrients supplied by the rivers annual floods, making it a paradise for fisheries. The Friends of Lake Turkana, an NGO representing indigenous groups whose livelihoods are dependent on the Lake, filed a suit to halt the construction of the dam. In July of 2021, the second filling of the dam was completed. It will take between eight and ten years to fill the new dam. Flashcards. The dam was named the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) because it was designed to bring about the economic and renewal of Ethiopia, a nation mentioned in Genesis 2:13 as the Land in which . A political requirement will be to agree on rules for filling the GERD reservoir and on operating rules for the GERD, especially during periods of drought. The Blue Nile is Ethiopias largest river, with high potential for hydropower and irrigation. What could have been strictly technical negotiations have turned into a political deadlock. 17th round of GERD tripartite talks hits wall in Cairo. A major reason the GERD is so controversial today is that it has not been subjected to thorough safety and impact studies, which could pose a grave threat to downriver nations. These countries should return to the NBIs Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA), which was concluded in 2010, try to resolve the disagreements that caused Egypt and Sudan to decline to sign the CFA, and use it as a model for a future binding legal regime. UN ready to promote 'win-win solution' for Blue Nile dam project Test. Mainly, for the downstream countries, the. Egypt says. Egypt Forced to Negotiate on Nile Dam. On 5 July 2021, Ethiopia informed Egypt and Sudan that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia is undergoing its second filling. The Ethiopian government is spending $4.7 billion to construct the 1,780-meter dam across the Blue Nile. Since then, there has been a constant stream of complaints regarding the social and environmental impacts on downriver areas, including large displacements of local populations. Consequently, under the principle of pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt, it could demonstrate that those treaties cannot bind it as it was a third party and did not give its consent. The filling time is estimated to take about 10 years, during which the Blue Nile water flows would be reduced. Cooperation among the three countries has never been more important as demand for water rises, she added, due to factors such as population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Still, if the exception was somehow activated, it would mean that Egypt remains entitled to 66% of the Nile River waters and that this figure should be used as the baseline for any future negotiations. Egypt faces another dam challenge - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted The change of government in Egypt led to a more conciliatory approach (Von Lossow & Roll, 2015). Egypt has also escalated its call to the international community to get involved. In the imperialist age, Ethiopian emperors threatened to alter the course of the Nile and stop its flow to Egypt. . While the water will return to its normal state before reaching Egypt, the damage to these populations will be permanent. The former was initially funded by the World Bank and the European Investment Bank, but these later withdrew for legal and other reasons. The current global energy crisis may help in this regard in the sense that Egyptians may find the allure of discounted hydroelectric energy stronger than ever before. Ethiopia - Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - Hydropower In March 2015, a 'Declaration of Principles' was signed by the leaders of Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, setting the foundations for an initial cooperation (Salman, 2017). The Chinese donors who have agreed to fund it have performed no independent social or environmental impact reviews. The Watercourses Convention aims to regulate the uses, as well as the conservation, of all transboundary waters above and below the surface. According to Baradei, hydropower dams create immense turbulence in the water, where chemical reactions such as dissolved oxygen can destroy fauna and flora. The Chinese-financed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), despite a recent breakdown in talks on Africa's largest development project, risks powering up a range of downstream tensions and rivalries. Disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) However, this threatens the basin's long-term sustainability (as water use expands beyond what is environmentally feasible) and suboptimal in terms of capital allocation (as higher water use upstream may make downstream projects uneconomical (Swain, 2011). While such dams also come with long-term benefits to local populations, the chief beneficiary will always be the state, which reaps profits from the sale of surplus electricity. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of cooperation or - USGS Therefore, a negotiated position that favours Ethiopia is likely to be reached once it becomes politically palatable enough inside Egypt. The $4 billion hydroelectric dam . In March 2015, a 'Declaration of Principles' was signed by the leaders of Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, setting the foundations for an initial cooperation. A regional framework for the management of the Nile already existsthe Nile Basin Initiative mentioned abovewhich is a partnership among the Nile riparian states that was launched in 1999. By Ambassador Gurjit Singh*. Concern has focused in particular on Lake Turkana, which derives 90 per cent of its water from the Omo River on which the Gilgel Gibe III Dam was built. Construction on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam began in 2011 and it is currently nearing completion. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Limited Options for a Resolution This agreement could pave the way for a more detailed cooperation framework, and represents a major step toward dispute resolution. Egypt's 100 million people rely on the Nile for 90% of the country's water needs. (2017). Water Politics and the Gulf States: The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Despite several tripartite meetings between November 2013 and January 2014, no agreement was reached on the implementation of the IPoE recommendations and controversies were evolving around the constitution of a trilateral committee. What Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia must overcome to all benefit from the Grand Renaissance Dam. Similarly, in 2018, the UNSC noted the water security risks in African nations such as Somalia, Sudan and Mali. Learn the history of Toronto from the city's official website. But the Ethiopian elites show little interest in addressing such concerns, bent as they are on a nationalist revivalist project that claims an Ethiopian exceptionalism that places Addis Ababa above international law as it pursues a water-management strategy that has less to do with its development aims than with its ambitions to weaponise water in a bid for regional hegemony. Crucially, however, neither Egypt nor Ethiopia are parties to the Watercourses Convention and so they are not bound by its terms. PDF Negative Impact of Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Population on - AJER

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